مقدمة في التنظيم الإداري
مقدمة في التنظيم الإداري
يعتبر التنظيم([1]) الإداري ــ في عمقه الفلسفي ــ اختيارا سياسيا للدولة، يتم من خلاله تحديد طبيعة نظامها الإداري الذي ينسجم مع خصوصياتها السياسية والمؤسساتية، واختياراتها المجتمعية؛ بحيث يتم تصريف الوظيفة الإدارية بين مختلف الأشخاص والهيئات التي خولها المشرع مهمة تدبير الإدارة على صعيد تراب الدولة.
ويهدف التنظيم الإداري إلى تحديد الأشخاص الإدارية وتنظيم العلاقة بينها وتحديد نوعية الأعمال اللازمة لتنفيذ السياسة العامة للدولة، وتوزيع هذه الأعمال بين مصالح الادارة والعاملين فيها، وبيان كيفية انجازها باستخدام الوسائل والامكانات المتاحة لتحقيق الأهداف المرجوة، وتعتبر عملية التنظيم الإداري عملية ضرورية لقيام الإدارة بوظائفها وتحقيق أهدافها([2]).
كما أن التنظيم يشكل أحد المداخل الأساسية للإدارة إلى جانب التخطيط، والتحفيز والمراقبة، فالتنظيم يقصد به تحديد الفعاليات وتوزيع المسؤوليات لتنفيذ الخطط وتنسيق الفعاليات والمسؤوليات في بنية مناسبة([3]). ويختزل التنظيم الإداري مختلف العمليات الإدارية الرامية إلى تصريف ممارسة الوظيفة الإدارية داخل الدولة، في انسجام مع اختياراتها المسطرة في دستورها؛ ففي دستور المملكة المغربية نجد طبيعة الاختيار الإداري للإدارة المغربية، تتحدد في آخر فقرة من الفصل الأول، والتي تنص على أن “التنظيم الترابي للمملكة تنظيم لا مركزي، يقوم على الجهوية المتقدمة”.
([1]) التنظيم لغة من النَّظْم: وهو التأْليفُ، نَظَمَه يَنْظِمُه نَظْماً ونِظاماً ونَظَّمه فانْتَظَم وتَنَظَّم. ونظَمْتُ اللؤْلؤَ أي جمعته في السِّلْك، والتنظيمُ مثله، ومنه نَظَمْتُ الشِّعر ونَظَّمْته، ونَظَمَ الأَمرَ على المثَل. وكلُّ شيء قَرَنْتَه بآخر أو ضَمَمْتَ بعضَه إلى بعض، فقد نَظَمَتْه…وفعلُك النَّظْمُ والتَّنْظِيمُ. ونَظْمٌ من لؤلؤٍ، قال: وهو في الأصل مصدر، والانْتِظام: الاتِّساق. انظر في: لسان العرب، ابن منظور، المجلد12، (مادة: نظم)، دار صادر بيروت، ص: 578.
([2]) القانون الإداري المغربي، محمد الأعرج، منشورات المجلة المغربية للإدارة المحلية والتنمية، العدد94، سلسلة “مواضيع الساعة”، ط/4، 2015، ص: 75.
([3]) الإدارة في النظرية والتطبيق، جيرالد كول، ترجمة حسام خضور، دار الفرقد، دمشق، ط/1، 2014، ص: 28و29.
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